PPTC vs. giant ExeFS. (#2168)

* PPTC vs. giant ExeFS.

* InternalVersion = 2168

* Add new heuristic algorithm for calculating the number of threads for parallel translations that also takes into account the user's free physical memory and not just the number of CPU cores.

* Nit.

* Add an outer Header structure and add the hashes for both this new structure and the existing "inner" Header structure.

* InternalVersion = 2169

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/DegreeOfParallelism.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
+{
+    class DegreeOfParallelism
+    {
+        public double GiBRef { get; } // GiB.
+        public double WeightRef { get; } // %.
+        public double IncrementByGiB { get; } // %.
+        private double _coefficient;
+
+        public DegreeOfParallelism(double gibRef, double weightRef, double incrementByGiB)
+        {
+            GiBRef = gibRef;
+            WeightRef = weightRef;
+            IncrementByGiB = incrementByGiB;
+
+            _coefficient = weightRef - (incrementByGiB * gibRef);
+        }
+
+        public int GetDegreeOfParallelism(int min, int max)
+        {
+            double degreeOfParallelism = (GetProcessorCount() * GetWeight(GetAvailableMemoryGiB())) / 100d;
+
+            return Math.Clamp((int)Math.Round(degreeOfParallelism), min, max);
+        }
+
+        public static double GetProcessorCount()
+        {
+            return (double)Environment.ProcessorCount;
+        }
+
+        public double GetWeight(double gib)
+        {
+            return (IncrementByGiB * gib) + _coefficient;
+        }
+
+        public static double GetAvailableMemoryGiB()
+        {
+            GCMemoryInfo gcMemoryInfo = GC.GetGCMemoryInfo();
+
+            return FromBytesToGiB(gcMemoryInfo.TotalAvailableMemoryBytes - gcMemoryInfo.MemoryLoadBytes);
+        }
+
+        private static double FromBytesToGiB(long bytes)
+        {
+            return Math.ScaleB((double)bytes, -30);
+        }
+    }
+}

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/EncodingCache.cs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ using System.Text;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 {
-    internal static class EncodingCache
+    static class EncodingCache
     {
-        internal static readonly Encoding UTF8NoBOM = new UTF8Encoding(encoderShouldEmitUTF8Identifier: false, throwOnInvalidBytes: true);
+        public static readonly Encoding UTF8NoBOM = new UTF8Encoding(encoderShouldEmitUTF8Identifier: false, throwOnInvalidBytes: true);
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 {
     public static class Ptc
     {
-        private const string HeaderMagicString = "PTChd\0\0\0";
+        private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
+        private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 2155; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 2169; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";
@@ -41,14 +42,16 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const byte FillingByte = 0x00;
         private const CompressionLevel SaveCompressionLevel = CompressionLevel.Fastest;
 
+        // Carriers.
         private static MemoryStream _infosStream;
-        private static MemoryStream _codesStream;
+        private static List<byte[]> _codesList;
         private static MemoryStream _relocsStream;
         private static MemoryStream _unwindInfosStream;
 
         private static BinaryWriter _infosWriter;
 
-        private static readonly ulong _headerMagic;
+        private static readonly ulong _outerHeaderMagic;
+        private static readonly ulong _innerHeaderMagic;
 
         private static readonly ManualResetEvent _waitEvent;
 
@@ -66,16 +69,17 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
         internal static PtcState State { get; private set; }
 
-        // Progress reporting helpers
+        // Progress reporting helpers.
         private static volatile int _translateCount;
         private static volatile int _translateTotalCount;
         public static event Action<PtcLoadingState, int, int> PtcStateChanged;
 
         static Ptc()
         {
-            InitializeMemoryStreams();
+            InitializeCarriers();
 
-            _headerMagic = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM.GetBytes(HeaderMagicString).AsSpan());
+            _outerHeaderMagic = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM.GetBytes(OuterHeaderMagicString).AsSpan());
+            _innerHeaderMagic = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM.GetBytes(InnerHeaderMagicString).AsSpan());
 
             _waitEvent = new ManualResetEvent(true);
 
@@ -141,41 +145,41 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             Enable();
         }
 
-        private static void InitializeMemoryStreams()
+        private static void InitializeCarriers()
         {
             _infosStream = new MemoryStream();
-            _codesStream = new MemoryStream();
+            _codesList = new List<byte[]>();
             _relocsStream = new MemoryStream();
             _unwindInfosStream = new MemoryStream();
 
             _infosWriter = new BinaryWriter(_infosStream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true);
         }
 
-        private static void DisposeMemoryStreams()
+        private static void DisposeCarriers()
         {
             _infosWriter.Dispose();
 
             _infosStream.Dispose();
-            _codesStream.Dispose();
+            _codesList.Clear();
             _relocsStream.Dispose();
             _unwindInfosStream.Dispose();
         }
 
-        private static bool AreMemoryStreamsEmpty()
+        private static bool AreCarriersEmpty()
         {
-            return _infosStream.Length == 0L && _codesStream.Length == 0L && _relocsStream.Length == 0L && _unwindInfosStream.Length == 0L;
+            return _infosStream.Length == 0L && _codesList.Count == 0 && _relocsStream.Length == 0L && _unwindInfosStream.Length == 0L;
         }
 
-        private static void ResetMemoryStreamsIfNeeded()
+        private static void ResetCarriersIfNeeded()
         {
-            if (AreMemoryStreamsEmpty())
+            if (AreCarriersEmpty())
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            DisposeMemoryStreams();
+            DisposeCarriers();
 
-            InitializeMemoryStreams();
+            InitializeCarriers();
         }
 
         private static void PreLoad()
@@ -207,28 +211,57 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             using (FileStream compressedStream = new(fileName, FileMode.Open))
             using (DeflateStream deflateStream = new(compressedStream, CompressionMode.Decompress, true))
             {
-                Hash128 currentSizeHash = DeserializeStructure<Hash128>(compressedStream);
+                OuterHeader outerHeader = DeserializeStructure<OuterHeader>(compressedStream);
 
-                Span<byte> sizeBytes = new byte[sizeof(int)];
-                compressedStream.Read(sizeBytes);
-                Hash128 expectedSizeHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(sizeBytes);
+                if (!outerHeader.IsHeaderValid())
+                {
+                    InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
+
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (outerHeader.Magic != _outerHeaderMagic)
+                {
+                    InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
+
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (outerHeader.CacheFileVersion != InternalVersion)
+                {
+                    InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
+
+                    return false;
+                }
 
-                if (currentSizeHash != expectedSizeHash)
+                if (outerHeader.Endianness != GetEndianness())
                 {
                     InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                int size = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(sizeBytes);
+                if (outerHeader.FeatureInfo != GetFeatureInfo())
+                {
+                    InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
+
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (outerHeader.OSPlatform != GetOSPlatform())
+                {
+                    InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
+
+                    return false;
+                }
 
                 IntPtr intPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
 
                 try
                 {
-                    intPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
+                    intPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize));
 
-                    using (UnmanagedMemoryStream stream = new((byte*)intPtr.ToPointer(), size, size, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
+                    using (UnmanagedMemoryStream stream = new((byte*)intPtr.ToPointer(), outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize, outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
                     {
                         try
                         {
@@ -241,96 +274,104 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        int hashSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<Hash128>();
+                        Debug.Assert(stream.Position == stream.Length);
 
                         stream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                        Hash128 currentHash = DeserializeStructure<Hash128>(stream);
 
-                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> streamBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, (int)(stream.Length - stream.Position));
-                        Hash128 expectedHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(streamBytes);
+                        InnerHeader innerHeader = DeserializeStructure<InnerHeader>(stream);
 
-                        if (currentHash != expectedHash)
+                        if (!innerHeader.IsHeaderValid())
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        stream.Seek((long)hashSize, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-
-                        Header header = ReadHeader(stream);
-
-                        if (header.Magic != _headerMagic)
+                        if (innerHeader.Magic != _innerHeaderMagic)
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        if (header.CacheFileVersion != InternalVersion)
+                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> infosBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.InfosLength);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.InfosLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
+
+                        Hash128 infosHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(infosBytes);
+
+                        if (innerHeader.InfosHash != infosHash)
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        if (header.Endianness != GetEndianness())
+                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> codesBytes = (int)innerHeader.CodesLength > 0 ? new(stream.PositionPointer, (int)innerHeader.CodesLength) : ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty;
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.CodesLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
+
+                        Hash128 codesHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(codesBytes);
+
+                        if (innerHeader.CodesHash != codesHash)
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        if (header.FeatureInfo != GetFeatureInfo())
+                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> relocsBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.RelocsLength);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.RelocsLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
+
+                        Hash128 relocsHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(relocsBytes);
+
+                        if (innerHeader.RelocsHash != relocsHash)
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        if (header.OSPlatform != GetOSPlatform())
+                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> unwindInfosBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.UnwindInfosLength);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.UnwindInfosLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
+
+                        Hash128 unwindInfosHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(unwindInfosBytes);
+
+                        if (innerHeader.UnwindInfosHash != unwindInfosHash)
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        if (header.InfosLen % InfoEntry.Stride != 0)
+                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> ptcJumpTableBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.PtcJumpTableLength);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.PtcJumpTableLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
+
+                        Debug.Assert(stream.Position == stream.Length);
+
+                        Hash128 ptcJumpTableHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(ptcJumpTableBytes);
+
+                        if (innerHeader.PtcJumpTableHash != ptcJumpTableHash)
                         {
                             InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
 
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> infosBuf = new(stream.PositionPointer, header.InfosLen);
-                        stream.Seek(header.InfosLen, SeekOrigin.Current);
-
-                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> codesBuf = new(stream.PositionPointer, header.CodesLen);
-                        stream.Seek(header.CodesLen, SeekOrigin.Current);
+                        stream.Seek((long)Unsafe.SizeOf<InnerHeader>(), SeekOrigin.Begin);
 
-                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> relocsBuf = new(stream.PositionPointer, header.RelocsLen);
-                        stream.Seek(header.RelocsLen, SeekOrigin.Current);
+                        _infosStream.Write(infosBytes);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.InfosLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
 
-                        ReadOnlySpan<byte> unwindInfosBuf = new(stream.PositionPointer, header.UnwindInfosLen);
-                        stream.Seek(header.UnwindInfosLen, SeekOrigin.Current);
+                        _codesList.ReadFrom(stream);
 
-                        try
-                        {
-                            PtcJumpTable = PtcJumpTable.Deserialize(stream);
-                        }
-                        catch
-                        {
-                            PtcJumpTable = new PtcJumpTable();
+                        _relocsStream.Write(relocsBytes);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.RelocsLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
 
-                            InvalidateCompressedStream(compressedStream);
+                        _unwindInfosStream.Write(unwindInfosBytes);
+                        stream.Seek(innerHeader.UnwindInfosLength, SeekOrigin.Current);
 
-                            return false;
-                        }
+                        PtcJumpTable = PtcJumpTable.Deserialize(stream);
 
-                        _infosStream.Write(infosBuf);
-                        _codesStream.Write(codesBuf);
-                        _relocsStream.Write(relocsBuf);
-                        _unwindInfosStream.Write(unwindInfosBuf);
+                        Debug.Assert(stream.Position == stream.Length);
                     }
                 }
                 finally
@@ -344,33 +385,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
             long fileSize = new FileInfo(fileName).Length;
 
-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{(isBackup ? "Loaded Backup Translation Cache" : "Loaded Translation Cache")} (size: {fileSize} bytes, translated functions: {GetInfosEntriesCount()}).");
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{(isBackup ? "Loaded Backup Translation Cache" : "Loaded Translation Cache")} (size: {fileSize} bytes, translated functions: {GetEntriesCount()}).");
 
             return true;
         }
 
-        private static Header ReadHeader(Stream stream)
-        {
-            using (BinaryReader headerReader = new(stream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true))
-            {
-                Header header = new Header();
-
-                header.Magic = headerReader.ReadUInt64();
-
-                header.CacheFileVersion = headerReader.ReadUInt32();
-                header.Endianness = headerReader.ReadBoolean();
-                header.FeatureInfo = headerReader.ReadUInt64();
-                header.OSPlatform = headerReader.ReadUInt32();
-
-                header.InfosLen = headerReader.ReadInt32();
-                header.CodesLen = headerReader.ReadInt32();
-                header.RelocsLen = headerReader.ReadInt32();
-                header.UnwindInfosLen = headerReader.ReadInt32();
-
-                return header;
-            }
-        }
-
         private static void InvalidateCompressedStream(FileStream compressedStream)
         {
             compressedStream.SetLength(0L);
@@ -396,7 +415,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             }
             finally
             {
-                ResetMemoryStreamsIfNeeded();
+                ResetCarriersIfNeeded();
                 PtcJumpTable.ClearIfNeeded();
 
                 GCSettings.LargeObjectHeapCompactionMode = GCLargeObjectHeapCompactionMode.CompactOnce;
@@ -409,46 +428,76 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         {
             int translatedFuncsCount;
 
-            int hashSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<Hash128>();
+            InnerHeader innerHeader = new InnerHeader();
+
+            innerHeader.Magic = _innerHeaderMagic;
 
-            int size = hashSize + Header.Size + GetMemoryStreamsLength() + PtcJumpTable.GetSerializeSize(PtcJumpTable);
+            innerHeader.InfosLength = (int)_infosStream.Length;
+            innerHeader.CodesLength = _codesList.Length();
+            innerHeader.RelocsLength = (int)_relocsStream.Length;
+            innerHeader.UnwindInfosLength = (int)_unwindInfosStream.Length;
+            innerHeader.PtcJumpTableLength = PtcJumpTable.GetSerializeSize(PtcJumpTable);
 
-            Span<byte> sizeBytes = new byte[sizeof(int)];
-            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(sizeBytes, size);
-            Hash128 sizeHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(sizeBytes);
+            OuterHeader outerHeader = new OuterHeader();
 
-            Span<byte> sizeHashBytes = new byte[hashSize];
-            MemoryMarshal.Write<Hash128>(sizeHashBytes, ref sizeHash);
+            outerHeader.Magic = _outerHeaderMagic;
+
+            outerHeader.CacheFileVersion = InternalVersion;
+            outerHeader.Endianness = GetEndianness();
+            outerHeader.FeatureInfo = GetFeatureInfo();
+            outerHeader.OSPlatform = GetOSPlatform();
+
+            outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize =
+                (long)Unsafe.SizeOf<InnerHeader>() +
+                innerHeader.InfosLength +
+                innerHeader.CodesLength +
+                innerHeader.RelocsLength +
+                innerHeader.UnwindInfosLength +
+                innerHeader.PtcJumpTableLength;
+
+            outerHeader.SetHeaderHash();
 
             IntPtr intPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
 
             try
             {
-                intPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
+                intPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize));
 
-                using (UnmanagedMemoryStream stream = new((byte*)intPtr.ToPointer(), size, size, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
+                using (UnmanagedMemoryStream stream = new((byte*)intPtr.ToPointer(), outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize, outerHeader.UncompressedStreamSize, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
                 {
-                    stream.Seek((long)hashSize, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-
-                    WriteHeader(stream);
+                    stream.Seek((long)Unsafe.SizeOf<InnerHeader>(), SeekOrigin.Begin);
 
+                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> infosBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.InfosLength);
                     _infosStream.WriteTo(stream);
-                    _codesStream.WriteTo(stream);
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> codesBytes = (int)innerHeader.CodesLength > 0 ? new(stream.PositionPointer, (int)innerHeader.CodesLength) : ReadOnlySpan<byte>.Empty;
+                    _codesList.WriteTo(stream);
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> relocsBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.RelocsLength);
                     _relocsStream.WriteTo(stream);
+
+                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> unwindInfosBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.UnwindInfosLength);
                     _unwindInfosStream.WriteTo(stream);
 
+                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> ptcJumpTableBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, innerHeader.PtcJumpTableLength);
                     PtcJumpTable.Serialize(stream, PtcJumpTable);
 
-                    stream.Seek((long)hashSize, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                    ReadOnlySpan<byte> streamBytes = new(stream.PositionPointer, (int)(stream.Length - stream.Position));
-                    Hash128 hash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(streamBytes);
+                    Debug.Assert(stream.Position == stream.Length);
+
+                    innerHeader.InfosHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(infosBytes);
+                    innerHeader.CodesHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(codesBytes);
+                    innerHeader.RelocsHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(relocsBytes);
+                    innerHeader.UnwindInfosHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(unwindInfosBytes);
+                    innerHeader.PtcJumpTableHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(ptcJumpTableBytes);
+
+                    innerHeader.SetHeaderHash();
 
                     stream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-                    SerializeStructure(stream, hash);
+                    SerializeStructure(stream, innerHeader);
 
-                    translatedFuncsCount = GetInfosEntriesCount();
+                    translatedFuncsCount = GetEntriesCount();
 
-                    ResetMemoryStreamsIfNeeded();
+                    ResetCarriersIfNeeded();
                     PtcJumpTable.ClearIfNeeded();
 
                     using (FileStream compressedStream = new(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
@@ -456,8 +505,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                     {
                         try
                         {
-                            compressedStream.Write(sizeHashBytes);
-                            compressedStream.Write(sizeBytes);
+                            SerializeStructure(compressedStream, outerHeader);
 
                             stream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                             stream.CopyTo(deflateStream);
@@ -490,67 +538,40 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             }
         }
 
-        private static int GetMemoryStreamsLength()
-        {
-            return (int)_infosStream.Length + (int)_codesStream.Length + (int)_relocsStream.Length + (int)_unwindInfosStream.Length;
-        }
-
-        private static void WriteHeader(Stream stream)
-        {
-            using (BinaryWriter headerWriter = new(stream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true))
-            {
-                headerWriter.Write((ulong)_headerMagic); // Header.Magic
-
-                headerWriter.Write((uint)InternalVersion); // Header.CacheFileVersion
-                headerWriter.Write((bool)GetEndianness()); // Header.Endianness
-                headerWriter.Write((ulong)GetFeatureInfo()); // Header.FeatureInfo
-                headerWriter.Write((uint)GetOSPlatform()); // Header.OSPlatform
-
-                headerWriter.Write((int)_infosStream.Length); // Header.InfosLen
-                headerWriter.Write((int)_codesStream.Length); // Header.CodesLen
-                headerWriter.Write((int)_relocsStream.Length); // Header.RelocsLen
-                headerWriter.Write((int)_unwindInfosStream.Length); // Header.UnwindInfosLen
-            }
-        }
-
         internal static void LoadTranslations(ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, TranslatedFunction> funcs, IMemoryManager memory, JumpTable jumpTable)
         {
-            if (AreMemoryStreamsEmpty())
+            if (AreCarriersEmpty())
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            Debug.Assert(funcs.Count == 0);
-
             _infosStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            _codesStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
             _relocsStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
             _unwindInfosStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
 
             using (BinaryReader infosReader = new(_infosStream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true))
-            using (BinaryReader codesReader = new(_codesStream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true))
             using (BinaryReader relocsReader = new(_relocsStream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true))
             using (BinaryReader unwindInfosReader = new(_unwindInfosStream, EncodingCache.UTF8NoBOM, true))
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < GetInfosEntriesCount(); i++)
+                for (int index = 0; index < GetEntriesCount(); index++)
                 {
                     InfoEntry infoEntry = ReadInfo(infosReader);
 
                     if (infoEntry.Stubbed)
                     {
-                        SkipCode(infoEntry.CodeLen);
+                        SkipCode(index, infoEntry.CodeLength);
                         SkipReloc(infoEntry.RelocEntriesCount);
                         SkipUnwindInfo(unwindInfosReader);
                     }
                     else if (infoEntry.HighCq || !PtcProfiler.ProfiledFuncs.TryGetValue(infoEntry.Address, out var value) || !value.HighCq)
                     {
-                        Span<byte> code = ReadCode(codesReader, infoEntry.CodeLen);
+                        byte[] code = ReadCode(index, infoEntry.CodeLength);
 
                         if (infoEntry.RelocEntriesCount != 0)
                         {
                             RelocEntry[] relocEntries = GetRelocEntries(relocsReader, infoEntry.RelocEntriesCount);
 
-                            PatchCode(code, relocEntries, memory.PageTablePointer, jumpTable);
+                            PatchCode(code.AsSpan(), relocEntries, memory.PageTablePointer, jumpTable);
                         }
 
                         UnwindInfo unwindInfo = ReadUnwindInfo(unwindInfosReader);
@@ -564,9 +585,10 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                     else
                     {
                         infoEntry.Stubbed = true;
+                        infoEntry.CodeLength = 0;
                         UpdateInfo(infoEntry);
 
-                        StubCode(infoEntry.CodeLen);
+                        StubCode(index);
                         StubReloc(infoEntry.RelocEntriesCount);
                         StubUnwindInfo(unwindInfosReader);
                     }
@@ -574,7 +596,6 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             }
 
             if (_infosStream.Position < _infosStream.Length ||
-                _codesStream.Position < _codesStream.Length ||
                 _relocsStream.Position < _relocsStream.Length ||
                 _unwindInfosStream.Position < _unwindInfosStream.Length)
             {
@@ -589,9 +610,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{funcs.Count} translated functions loaded");
         }
 
-        private static int GetInfosEntriesCount()
+        private static int GetEntriesCount()
         {
-            return (int)_infosStream.Length / InfoEntry.Stride;
+            return _codesList.Count;
         }
 
         private static InfoEntry ReadInfo(BinaryReader infosReader)
@@ -602,15 +623,17 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             infoEntry.GuestSize = infosReader.ReadUInt64();
             infoEntry.HighCq = infosReader.ReadBoolean();
             infoEntry.Stubbed = infosReader.ReadBoolean();
-            infoEntry.CodeLen = infosReader.ReadInt32();
+            infoEntry.CodeLength = infosReader.ReadInt32();
             infoEntry.RelocEntriesCount = infosReader.ReadInt32();
 
             return infoEntry;
         }
 
-        private static void SkipCode(int codeLen)
+        [Conditional("DEBUG")]
+        private static void SkipCode(int index, int codeLength)
         {
-            _codesStream.Seek(codeLen, SeekOrigin.Current);
+            Debug.Assert(_codesList[index].Length == 0);
+            Debug.Assert(codeLength == 0);
         }
 
         private static void SkipReloc(int relocEntriesCount)
@@ -625,13 +648,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             _unwindInfosStream.Seek(pushEntriesLength * UnwindPushEntry.Stride + UnwindInfo.Stride, SeekOrigin.Current);
         }
 
-        private static Span<byte> ReadCode(BinaryReader codesReader, int codeLen)
+        private static byte[] ReadCode(int index, int codeLength)
         {
-            Span<byte> codeBuf = new byte[codeLen];
-
-            codesReader.Read(codeBuf);
+            Debug.Assert(_codesList[index].Length == codeLength);
 
-            return codeBuf;
+            return _codesList[index];
         }
 
         private static RelocEntry[] GetRelocEntries(BinaryReader relocsReader, int relocEntriesCount)
@@ -701,9 +722,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             return new UnwindInfo(pushEntries, prologueSize);
         }
 
-        private static TranslatedFunction FastTranslate(ReadOnlySpan<byte> code, ulong guestSize, UnwindInfo unwindInfo, bool highCq)
+        private static TranslatedFunction FastTranslate(byte[] code, ulong guestSize, UnwindInfo unwindInfo, bool highCq)
         {
-            CompiledFunction cFunc = new CompiledFunction(code.ToArray(), unwindInfo);
+            CompiledFunction cFunc = new CompiledFunction(code, unwindInfo);
 
             IntPtr codePtr = JitCache.Map(cFunc);
 
@@ -723,16 +744,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             _infosWriter.Write((ulong)infoEntry.GuestSize);
             _infosWriter.Write((bool)infoEntry.HighCq);
             _infosWriter.Write((bool)infoEntry.Stubbed);
-            _infosWriter.Write((int)infoEntry.CodeLen);
+            _infosWriter.Write((int)infoEntry.CodeLength);
             _infosWriter.Write((int)infoEntry.RelocEntriesCount);
         }
 
-        private static void StubCode(int codeLen)
+        private static void StubCode(int index)
         {
-            for (int i = 0; i < codeLen; i++)
-            {
-                _codesStream.WriteByte(FillingByte);
-            }
+            _codesList[index] = Array.Empty<byte>();
         }
 
         private static void StubReloc(int relocEntriesCount)
@@ -757,9 +775,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         {
             var profiledFuncsToTranslate = PtcProfiler.GetProfiledFuncsToTranslate(funcs);
 
-            if (profiledFuncsToTranslate.Count == 0)
+            _translateCount = 0;
+            _translateTotalCount = profiledFuncsToTranslate.Count;
+
+            int degreeOfParallelism = new DegreeOfParallelism(4d, 75d, 12.5d).GetDegreeOfParallelism(0, 32);
+
+            if (_translateTotalCount == 0 || degreeOfParallelism == 0)
             {
-                ResetMemoryStreamsIfNeeded();
+                ResetCarriersIfNeeded();
                 PtcJumpTable.ClearIfNeeded();
 
                 GCSettings.LargeObjectHeapCompactionMode = GCLargeObjectHeapCompactionMode.CompactOnce;
@@ -767,8 +790,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                 return;
             }
 
-            _translateCount = 0;
-            _translateTotalCount = profiledFuncsToTranslate.Count;
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{_translateCount} of {_translateTotalCount} functions translated | Thread count: {degreeOfParallelism}");
 
             PtcStateChanged?.Invoke(PtcLoadingState.Start, _translateCount, _translateTotalCount);
 
@@ -813,11 +835,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                 Translator.DisposePools();
             }
 
-            int maxDegreeOfParallelism = (Environment.ProcessorCount * 3) / 4;
-
             List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < maxDegreeOfParallelism; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < degreeOfParallelism; i++)
             {
                 Thread thread = new Thread(TranslateFuncs);
                 thread.IsBackground = true;
@@ -835,7 +855,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
             PtcStateChanged?.Invoke(PtcLoadingState.Loaded, _translateCount, _translateTotalCount);
 
-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{_translateCount} of {_translateTotalCount} functions translated");
+            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{_translateCount} of {_translateTotalCount} functions translated | Thread count: {degreeOfParallelism}");
 
             PtcJumpTable.Initialize(jumpTable);
 
@@ -849,7 +869,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
         private static void ReportProgress(object state)
         {
-            const int refreshRate = 50; // ms
+            const int refreshRate = 50; // ms.
 
             AutoResetEvent endEvent = (AutoResetEvent)state;
 
@@ -877,11 +897,10 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                 _infosWriter.Write((ulong)guestSize); // InfoEntry.GuestSize
                 _infosWriter.Write((bool)highCq); // InfoEntry.HighCq
                 _infosWriter.Write((bool)false); // InfoEntry.Stubbed
-                _infosWriter.Write((int)ptcInfo.Code.Length); // InfoEntry.CodeLen
+                _infosWriter.Write((int)ptcInfo.Code.Length); // InfoEntry.CodeLength
                 _infosWriter.Write((int)ptcInfo.RelocEntriesCount); // InfoEntry.RelocEntriesCount
 
-                // WriteCode.
-                _codesStream.Write(ptcInfo.Code.AsSpan());
+                WriteCode(ptcInfo.Code.AsSpan());
 
                 // WriteReloc.
                 ptcInfo.RelocStream.WriteTo(_relocsStream);
@@ -891,6 +910,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             }
         }
 
+        private static void WriteCode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> code)
+        {
+            _codesList.Add(code.ToArray());
+        }
+
         private static bool GetEndianness()
         {
             return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian;
@@ -913,21 +937,68 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             return osPlatform;
         }
 
-        private struct Header
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1/*, Size = 49*/)]
+        private struct OuterHeader
         {
-            public const int Size = 41; // Bytes.
-
             public ulong Magic;
 
             public uint CacheFileVersion;
+
             public bool Endianness;
             public ulong FeatureInfo;
             public uint OSPlatform;
 
-            public int InfosLen;
-            public int CodesLen;
-            public int RelocsLen;
-            public int UnwindInfosLen;
+            public long UncompressedStreamSize;
+
+            public Hash128 HeaderHash;
+
+            public void SetHeaderHash()
+            {
+                Span<OuterHeader> spanHeader = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref this, 1);
+
+                HeaderHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(spanHeader).Slice(0, Unsafe.SizeOf<OuterHeader>() - Unsafe.SizeOf<Hash128>()));
+            }
+
+            public bool IsHeaderValid()
+            {
+                Span<OuterHeader> spanHeader = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref this, 1);
+
+                return XXHash128.ComputeHash(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(spanHeader).Slice(0, Unsafe.SizeOf<OuterHeader>() - Unsafe.SizeOf<Hash128>())) == HeaderHash;
+            }
+        }
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1/*, Size = 128*/)]
+        private struct InnerHeader
+        {
+            public ulong Magic;
+
+            public int InfosLength;
+            public long CodesLength;
+            public int RelocsLength;
+            public int UnwindInfosLength;
+            public int PtcJumpTableLength;
+
+            public Hash128 InfosHash;
+            public Hash128 CodesHash;
+            public Hash128 RelocsHash;
+            public Hash128 UnwindInfosHash;
+            public Hash128 PtcJumpTableHash;
+
+            public Hash128 HeaderHash;
+
+            public void SetHeaderHash()
+            {
+                Span<InnerHeader> spanHeader = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref this, 1);
+
+                HeaderHash = XXHash128.ComputeHash(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(spanHeader).Slice(0, Unsafe.SizeOf<InnerHeader>() - Unsafe.SizeOf<Hash128>()));
+            }
+
+            public bool IsHeaderValid()
+            {
+                Span<InnerHeader> spanHeader = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref this, 1);
+
+                return XXHash128.ComputeHash(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(spanHeader).Slice(0, Unsafe.SizeOf<InnerHeader>() - Unsafe.SizeOf<Hash128>())) == HeaderHash;
+            }
         }
 
         private struct InfoEntry
@@ -938,7 +1009,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             public ulong GuestSize;
             public bool HighCq;
             public bool Stubbed;
-            public int CodeLen;
+            public int CodeLength;
             public int RelocEntriesCount;
         }
 
@@ -983,7 +1054,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                 Wait();
                 _waitEvent.Dispose();
 
-                DisposeMemoryStreams();
+                DisposeCarriers();
             }
         }
     }

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/PtcFormatter.cs

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 {
-    public class PtcFormatter
+    static class PtcFormatter
     {
         #region "Deserialize"
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> DeserializeDictionary<TKey, TValue>(Stream stream, Func<Stream, TValue> valueFunc) where TKey : unmanaged
+        public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> DeserializeDictionary<TKey, TValue>(Stream stream, Func<Stream, TValue> valueFunc) where TKey : struct
         {
             Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary = new();
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static List<T> DeserializeList<T>(Stream stream) where T : unmanaged
+        public static List<T> DeserializeList<T>(Stream stream) where T : struct
         {
             List<T> list = new();
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static T DeserializeStructure<T>(Stream stream) where T : unmanaged
+        public static T DeserializeStructure<T>(Stream stream) where T : struct
         {
             T structure = default(T);
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
         #region "GetSerializeSize"
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static int GetSerializeSizeDictionary<TKey, TValue>(Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Func<TValue, int> valueFunc) where TKey : unmanaged
+        public static int GetSerializeSizeDictionary<TKey, TValue>(Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Func<TValue, int> valueFunc) where TKey : struct
         {
             int size = 0;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static int GetSerializeSizeList<T>(List<T> list) where T : unmanaged
+        public static int GetSerializeSizeList<T>(List<T> list) where T : struct
         {
             int size = 0;
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
 
         #region "Serialize"
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static void SerializeDictionary<TKey, TValue>(Stream stream, Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Action<Stream, TValue> valueAction) where TKey : unmanaged
+        public static void SerializeDictionary<TKey, TValue>(Stream stream, Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Action<Stream, TValue> valueAction) where TKey : struct
         {
             SerializeStructure<int>(stream, dictionary.Count);
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static void SerializeList<T>(Stream stream, List<T> list) where T : unmanaged
+        public static void SerializeList<T>(Stream stream, List<T> list) where T : struct
         {
             SerializeStructure<int>(stream, list.Count);
 
@@ -111,11 +111,59 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         }
 
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static void SerializeStructure<T>(Stream stream, T structure) where T : unmanaged
+        public static void SerializeStructure<T>(Stream stream, T structure) where T : struct
         {
             Span<T> spanT = MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref structure, 1);
             stream.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(spanT));
         }
         #endregion
+
+        #region "Extension methods"
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static void ReadFrom<T>(this List<T[]> list, Stream stream) where T : struct
+        {
+            int count = DeserializeStructure<int>(stream);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                int itemLength = DeserializeStructure<int>(stream);
+
+                T[] item = new T[itemLength];
+
+                stream.Read(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(item.AsSpan()));
+
+                list.Add(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static long Length<T>(this List<T[]> list) where T : struct
+        {
+            long size = 0L;
+
+            size += Unsafe.SizeOf<int>();
+
+            foreach (T[] item in list)
+            {
+                size += Unsafe.SizeOf<int>();
+                size += item.Length;
+            }
+
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static void WriteTo<T>(this List<T[]> list, Stream stream) where T : struct
+        {
+            SerializeStructure<int>(stream, list.Count);
+
+            foreach (T[] item in list)
+            {
+                SerializeStructure<int>(stream, item.Length);
+
+                stream.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(item.AsSpan()));
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/PtcInfo.cs

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             UnwindInfoStream.Dispose();
         }
     }
-}
+}

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/PtcJumpTable.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         {
             public int EntryIndex;
             public long GuestAddress;
-            public TAddress HostAddress; // int
+            public TAddress HostAddress;
 
             public TableEntry(int entryIndex, long guestAddress, TAddress hostAddress)
             {

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/PtcProfiler.cs

@@ -399,4 +399,4 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             }
         }
     }
-}
+}

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/RelocEntry.cs

@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
             return $"({nameof(Position)} = {Position}, {nameof(Index)} = {Index})";
         }
     }
-}
+}

ARMeilleure/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 
                 if (Ptc.State == PtcState.Enabled)
                 {
+                    Debug.Assert(_funcs.Count == 0);
                     Ptc.LoadTranslations(_funcs, _memory, _jumpTable);
                     Ptc.MakeAndSaveTranslations(_funcs, _memory, _jumpTable);
                 }